William Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream, Julius...

The Use of Structure in a Shakespearean Play: Structure in Henry the V Authors use structure in their written or performed pieces of work to further the reader or viewer’s understanding of the plot, to illuminate and widen the perception of a certain text. This is so in the case of Shakespeare and his many plays; Shakespeare makes incredibly meticulous use of the structure and order in which the events occur to more specifically make the point he is anticipating the reader to grasp. Many authors do this, but Shakespeare deserves a closer look, as he is one of the most famous, if not the most famous, classic literature artist who understood this concept broadly. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Julius Caesar, and Hamlet all display Shakespeare’s understanding of the rhythm of events that contribute to the overall understanding of a piece of work. Moreover, Henry V is a play that does this with a magnanimity of eloquence, in which Shakespeare arranges the speeches, wars, and comedy in a perfect chronological order to please the reader. Most of Shakespeare’s work ends in the protagonist, depending on how many there are, tragically dying and leaving the reader or viewer motionless, irritated at the fact that the story will not go on with that character. Henry the V is different in this aspect because the play leaves the reader very satisfied, they have experienced the building up of certain characters, they have experienced suspense, a climax with the highest form of action,Show MoreRelatedDefining The Terms Renaissance And Humanism875 Words   |  4 Pagesscientific and artistic transformation and advancement between the Middle Ages and the early stages of the Modern age in Europe (2014). In the New World Encyclopedia article â€Å"Humanism†, Humanism’s scope primarily focuses on human beings: human being s place in relations to nature, human potential, human beauty, etc. etc. etc. (2014). 2. Who were the Medici’s? The Medici family dynasty comprised of former bankers and commerce men who became powerful rulers (four members of the Medici family went onRead MoreDefining The Terms Renaissance And Humanism854 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance featured scientific and artistic discoveries and transformations that propelled a cultural shift in Europe after the Middle Ages (2015). The New World Encyclopedia article â€Å"Humanism† indicates that Humanism primarily focuses on human being s place, potential, beauty, and so forth (2014). 2. Who were the Medici’s? The Medici family, comprised of former bankers and commerce men, became powerful rulers in Florence, Italy for nearly three centuries, as stated in the History article â€Å"The MediciRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Influence On The Course Of World History1440 Words   |  6 PagesWaldo Emerson, a famous essayist inspired by Shakespeare’s works. William Shakespeare was a renowned author, poet, actor, and playwright. He has contributed to many components of life today such as; founding modern English language, contributing to literature, contributing to modern theater, and contributing many of his works to modern English. William Shakespeare has greatly impacted the course of world history. William Shakespeare was believed to be born on April 23,1564, in his hometown of Stratford-upon-AvonRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s English Literature Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare has been best known for his poems, plays and masterful piece of writings in the English language. He has been referred to as the England s national poet and the Bard of Avon. He produced over thirty eight plays, hundred fifty four sonnets, five poems, and more verses. Shakespeare s plays consist of mainly tragedies, comedies and histories which are regarded as one of the best in those genres. The plays, the poems, and the sonnets have had a significance influence in EnglishRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnets : The Greatest Of All Love Poems1465 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s sonnets are considered the greatest of all love poems. The collection contains 154 poems portraying themes of love such as beauty, lust, and estrangement. First published in 1609, these wo rks have remained a popular subject in the world of literature for centuries to come. â€Å"Shakespeare has completely dominated the English-speaking state over the last four hundred years.† When thinking of Shakespeare, his famous plays such Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet are usually the first toRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare Biography Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pageswas Shakespeare Biography? Who was William Shakespeare? Where was he born? Where did he go to school? How did William Shakespeare live his life from the beginning to the ending? William Shakespeare’s life became a great mystery with lack of evidence to support any findings. His schooling, his family and parents will be revealed in my paper. Who were William Shakespeare’s parents? The parents of Mr. Shakespeare were John Shakespeare and Mary Arden Shakespeare. Mary Arden married William ShakespeareRead MoreEssay on Biography of William Shakespeare2736 Words   |  11 PagesBiography of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564. He was baptized on April 24, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. He was the third of eight children born to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, three of whom died in childhood. John was a well-known merchant and Mary was the daughter of a Roman Catholic member of the gentry, or high social position. The house where Shakespeare spent his childhood stood adjacent to he wool shop in which his father plied a successfulRead More Shakespeares World Essay3144 Words   |  13 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Almost every nation on earth reads, studies and performs the works of William Shakespeare. No writer of any country, nor any age, has ever enjoyed such universal popularity. Neither has any writer been so praised. As William Hazlitt observed, quot;The most striking peculiarity of Shakespeares mind was its generic quality, its power of communication with all other minds.quot; It is perhaps this quality that has earned Shakespeare the supreme accolade, that of lending his name to an era. Other than

Asian Americans - 1039 Words

Jose Cruz Asian-Americans Soc/262-Contemporary American Society Nantrece Carraby August 10, 2015 Asian Americans According to the United States Census Bureau the definition of Asians refers to those people of origins of any original peoples of Southeast Asia, Far East, and or the Indian subcontinent. Asian Americans cover four point eight percent of the United States population. Asian Americans tend to have the highest educational accomplishments and income compared to other races. Along with other races and ethnicities Asian Americans have a remarkable thorough history. Analysis Cultural value of Asians towards education Educational goals from Asian American parents play a vast role in their children’s†¦show more content†¦This act was but a revised act of the US- China Burlingame Treaty that allowed the United States to suspend Chinese immigration. This act was only intended to last ten years but, was renewed again in 1892 and made permanent in 1902. This was the first United States law that prevented a specific ethnic group from immigrating into the United States. Despite all this racism, came along the Manguson Act which canceled the Chinese Exclusion Act in December 17, 1943. Similarities and differences between Asians and Americans Just like many other families, Asian values are similar to those of American values but, there are some differences. One main similarity between Asians and Americans is that both seek for the best quality of life they possibly deserve. The Asian culture is very communal and family orientated, unlike the American culture, Americans tend to be very independent and individually orientated. An interesting topic that I came across was how Asian and Americans interpret directness. In the Asian culture people tend to value politeness above directness. On the other hand Americans tend to value directness over being polite, in other words Americans lay it out how it is and Asians tend to sugar coat it. Other distinctive behaviors that differentiate from Asian and Americans are how they feel about working hard. Asians value hard work above play and Americans feel playShow MoreRelatedAsian American And Asian Americans1638 Words   |   7 PagesAsian Americans are a very diverse group in the United States, which include many races such as Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Korean, Filipino, Indian, and many more. Birth country, ancestry, and family heritage are ways to categorize this specific group. According to the 2010 Census, the Asian American population has grown faster than any other group from 2000 to 2010 (Pew Research, 2012). Asian Americans are either immigrants from Asia or are descendants of immigrants. Asian Americans have anRead MoreAsian American And Asian Americans Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough Asian Americans comprise only about 5% of the U.S. population, this group is the fastest growing segment of American society. Despite such rapid expansion, Asian Americans are widely underrepresented throughout media, whether in television, cinema, or literature. Moreover, there are different stereotypes associated with Asian Americans. One of the most pervasive stereotypes details how Asian Americans are a â€Å"model minority†. In essence, this myth describes how anyone who is Asian American willRead MoreAsian American Population And Asian Americans2276 Words   |  10 PagesThe Asian American population is a major facet of American life; beginning their lives as immigrants they have worked their way to become integral members of society. In 2010 there were 14.7 million Asian Americans living in the United States and in 2011 that number increased to 18.2 million.1 Culturally, Asian American people have traditions and beliefs that contradict those of the Western world.2 â€Å"Culture molds people’s values, attitudes, and beliefs; influences their perceptions of self and others;Read MoreAsian Americans And Asian American Actors3112 Words   |  13 Pages19th century, Asian Americans have been involved in the media industry when the original â€Å"Siamese Twins† Chang and Eng Bunker became naturalized citizens of America. Roles in television and other media were scarce for Asian Americans, only available roles were very stereotypical. Early Asian American actors such as Bruce Lee and Sessue Hayakawa could only land stereotypical supporting roles in prime time television. 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According to Tamura (2003), â€Å"Asian American is a relatively recent term that was first used by non-Asians and then adopted by Asian American themselves during the late 1960s in the heyday of ethnic and political activism† [†¦] (Tamura, 2003). The simplest definition of an Asian American is an American with an Asiatic background. Therefore, making assumptions about an Asian would be absurd because the term is broadRead MoreAsian Americans And The American Dream1442 Words   |  6 Pagesthe status of the American Dream is mostly beneficial for citizens in the country that have certain connections and higher education. Overall, the American Dream is dying and it is much harder for a person now to achieve it if he or she does not have any direct connections or a higher education and a more well-off economic standpoint. The standards in the society has made is much more difficult for minorities to face their obstac les to pursue their dreams. Over 44% of the American population todayRead MoreAsian Americans And African Americans994 Words   |  4 PagesBy the time of a century ago, Asian America has been considered lazy and stupid. So â€Å"model minority† were described Asian Americans as a hard-working, Well-educated, successfully minority race. But otherwise it’s not the truly idea to believe in positive model minority because sometimes it’s also negative. It’s happened to most of Asian Americans and they realized that, at the start point it’s been 100 percent positive, but when you go along, then it will turn to be negative and sometime it’s hurtingRead MoreAsian American Stereotype1112 Words   |  5 Pagesstereotypes of Asian Americans have dramatically changed from being viewed as uneducated poor laborers to being characterized as successful educated minority. It has changed from negativity to positivity. According to the article â€Å"Outw hiting the whites†: An examination of the persistence of Asian Americans model minority discourse, Asian Americans were stereotyped as the â€Å"Yellow Peril† before. It was a fear that Asian Americans were going to take power in America. Japanese Americans had lost a lotRead MoreAfrican Americans And Asian Americans1878 Words   |  8 PagesThough Asians make up the largest portion of the world’s population, Asian-Americans are one of the least represented minority groups within the United States. Out of an estimated 318 million people living in the U.S., Asians account for 5.2%, or approximately 17 million people. Compared to Hispanics at 54 million and African-Americans at 42 million, Asians and/or Asian-Americans are vastly outnumbered by the two other major minority groups and even more so by the majority, European-Americans. Even

Nutrition in Fitness and Sport Free Essays

string(29) " the risk of protein losses\." Final Case Study: A Teenage Female Champion Grace MacMillan Nutrition for Fitness and Sport Introduction Ice hockey is characterized by high intensity intermittent skating, rapid changes in velocity, lengthy duration and frequent body contact (1). The typical player performs for 15 to 20 minutes of a 60 minute game (1). Each shift lasts from 30 to 90 seconds with 4 to 4 minutes of recovery between shifts. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition in Fitness and Sport or any similar topic only for you Order Now The intensity of a particular shift is determined be the duration and the extent of the contribution from aerobic to anaerobic energy systems by the player (1). In order to accommodate the body for these high intensity bursts and length of activity the player must develop muscle strength, power and anaerobic endurance in addition to a good aerobic system (1). Hockey players tend to have a mesomorphic structure and are relatively lean to positively influence their skating performance (1). For my nutrition analysis I chose an adolescent female hockey player. As far as teenage athletes go, AC has already more than filled her resume with an abundance of accomplishments including a gold medal from the 2012 IIHF World Women’s U18 Championship, the 2011 Tier 1 Under 19 U. S. National Championship, the 2010 Under 16 U. S. National Championship and the 2009 Atlantic Challenge Cup in addition to representing Team Nova Scotia at the 2011 Canada Winter Games. As a student at the private hockey prep school of Sattuck-St. Mary’s in Faribauly, Minnesota she is limited to a very specific selection of food on campus as she is a boarding student there. Female athletes are faced daily with the challenge of meeting the nutrient requirements for growth and development in addition to sport performance (2). Due to the wide range of physiological demands a large proportion of female athletes regularly do not meet DRI’s for a number of macro and micronutrients some of which include vitamin D, folate, vitamin E and calcium (2). The current research illustrates the challenges that female athletes may face, otherwise known as the â€Å"female athlete triad† which include disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis (3). Furthermore, female teenage athletes have found to have relatively low energy intake and inadequate intakes of certain nutrients which are observed to improve seasonally in correspondence to their in-season and off-season, respectively (4). Assessment Part A: Objective Data AC is a 17 year old female who is currently 68. 95kg at 1. 73m tall and has reported to have a 21% body fat composition, which equates to a normal BMI of 23. AC communicated the desire to cut weight to 65. 7kg, which equates to a normal BMI of 22 by August 1st 2012 in preparation for her next achievement of playing for Team Canada in the Olympics. In the patient’s case it would be more appropriate to use the body fat percentage to measure weight loss because the losses will be in body fat not lean body mass (5). Fortunately in preparation of this event, AC is required to fill out a daily reflection including food log, physical activity as defined by strength training, cardio and core exercise and personal r eflection. Thus, from the data given to me I have chosen to pick 3 weekdays and 3 weekend days to analyze. In summary, in-season she participates twice weekly with a strength training workout for approximately one hour and ice skating (practice) every day for approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes. As part of school extra circular activities she incorporates basketball 3 times weekly for 45 minutes in addition to games once to twice weekly. During the off-season she strives to maintain 4 days per week of strength training exercise, in addition to skating twice a week and running for approximately an hour each day. The raw data can be viewed in appendix A. Part B: Analysis of the Data The analysis of AC’s daily reflection reveals that as most female athletes she does not meet the required amount of energy for her physical activity level and body structure, but due to her current goal of losing weight, restricting calories while maintaining the recommended amount of servings as per the Canada’s Food Guide does not put her at risk for any of the symptoms of the female triad. AC’s diet analysis reveals that although she is meeting her calcium requirement, other nutrients of concern as revealed by the literature review such as vitamin D, E and folate are not being met. AC is currently taking a multivitamin but was unable to describe in any detail in the interview type or contents (as her mother sends them too her from home) but the vitamin most likely supplies micronutrient needs. Furthermore, in most cases AC is effective with meal timing, especially when you look at her inclusion of mid-morning snacks most days, which tend to be the days where a morning practice or working out is has occured. In regards to AC’s recommended food guide servings, as analyzed in appendix B, she meets her dairy servings all of the time, meat and alternative servings most of the time but only meets her fruit and vegetable and grain servings half some of the time. This further eliminates the risk of osteoporosis and protein losses, thus, analysis should focus on grain servings to promote increased carbohydrate consumption and reaching daily servings of fruits and vegetables. If we calculate AC’s carbohydrate (CHO) requirement as a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity she requires approximately 400g – 680g CHO/day. This amount can easily be adjusted daily in correspondence to the amount of exercise and energy level to accommodate weight loss. The average CHO intake was 246. 67g per day which equates to approximately 1000 Kcal per day but only nearly half of the recommended CHO consumption. As the role of protein is to build and repair tissue, consuming the recommended serving amounts is extremely important to protect herself against the risk of protein losses. You read "Nutrition in Fitness and Sport" in category "Essay examples" If we calculate AC`s protein (PRO) requirement as a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity she requires approximately 89g – 103g PRO/day. To protect against protein losses and maintain existing muscle, timing of consumption becomes extremely important. After exercise protein sources should be consumed immediately after (stage 1) and within 2 hours after (stage 2) but should not exceed more than 1. 6g/kg per day (5). The average PRO intake was 104g per day which equates to approximately 417. 33 Kcal per day and exceeds her recommended protein intake slightly. As some dietary fat is essential to cell development and synthesis, and the recommended amounts range from 20-35% of the dietary energy intake are required. In comparison to her recommended range of fat intake as described by EatTracker, AC is not usually achieving her recommended amount of fat as her average fat intake was 42g per day which equates to approximately 378 Kcal, which is just less than 12% daily intake from fat. Lastly, fluids impact the regulation of body temperature, hydration and remove metabolic excretions which all improve athletic performance. Sweat rates and hydration level are affected by the duration, environmental temperature and intensity of the exercise the participant is engaged in, ergo, water needs are fairly diverse. As a regular participant in vigorous and enduring exercise AC’s fluid recommendations would be fairly high. AC reported to consume at least one cup of water usually at every meal and drinks as much as 2L over the duration of any length of exercise. Nutrition Plan and Recommendations In regards to the literature review of typical female athlete concerns, AC is an ideal patient considering she does not show any symptoms of the female athlete triad and although weight loss is desired, she has determined an appropriate weight loss and time frame to achieve her goal by maintaining food guide recommendations while reducing energy intake. AC has described an appropriate goal of losing 3. 18kg over 8 months (as the goal was acknowledged in January) to increase athletic performance and maintain good health by reducing body fat. To improve weight loss results AC should consume a number of small frequent meals that have a high proportion of CHO to maintain blood glucose levels and moderate protein levels to ensure adequate replacement of lean protein tissue (5). Although AC is typically meeting her Food Guide recommendations, she needs to ensure adequate energy intake of approximately 2700 Kcal/day and devise energy into 5-6 small meals every day. Some days she is just barely consuming 1200 Kcal which is not enough energy to keep her body strong and maintain muscle tissue when considering the amount of physical demand on the body from the substantial amount of exercise. An energy reduction of 500 Kcal (2700kcal/day from 3200kcal/day) is appropriate to reduce weight by approximately 0. 45kg (1lb) per week, reducing weight by approximately 3. 6kg over 8 weeks. This gives the participant approximately 24 weeks to maintain and stabilize weight loss. As AC’s physical activity participation is generally stable it is more appropriate to request stable and reduced energy intakes versus increasing physical activity duration (5). Further recommendations for AC would be to monitor weight changes during exercise to ensure adequate hydration status. Before exercise, increase fluid intake and reduce fat and fiber intake to facilitate gastric emptying and minimize GI upsets (5). During and after exercise consume fluids to replace sweat losses and maintain hydration status, which may include incorporating a sport drink to replenish water, carbohydrate and electrolyte levels. To increase consumption, ensure fluids are chilled to approximately 10 degrees Celsius (5). Advise that most liquids including milk, water, soup, 100% percent juices and sports drinks all contribute to fluid intake recommendation. * I would advise AC to increase carbohydrate and fat intake by adding a carbohydrate rich snack in the afternoon each day and increase fat of dairy products. A recommended meal plan using the ‘Beyond the Basics’ guidelines can be viewed in appendix G taking into consideration AC’s limited food choices, EER, carbohydrate, protein and fat recommendations. Appendix A: AC’s Daily Reflections Appendix B: Nutritional Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) January 7 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 10 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 16 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrition Analysis January 21 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 23 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 30 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis Appendix C: Overview of Vitamin Intake Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) Appendix D: Estimate Energy Requirements Calculation Female (age 9-18) = 135. 3 – 30. 8 x Age + [PA x (10. 0 x Wt. + 934 x Ht. )] + 25 = 135. 3 – 30. x Age + [1. 56 (10. 0 x 68. 95kg + 934 x 1. 73m)] + 25 = 3233 kcal/day ? 3200 kcal/day Appendix E: Carbohydrate Requirements As a percent of 3200 Kcal and expressed as total grams per day = 55 – 60% x 3200Kcal = 1760 – 1920Kcal / day = 1760 – 1920 Kcal / 4 Kcal/g ? 440 – 480 g CHO/day As a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity = 6 – 10g/kg x 68. 95kg = 413. 7g – 689. 5g CHO/day ? 400g – 680g CHO/day Appendix F: Protein Requirements As a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day = 1. 3g/kg – 1. g/kg x 68. 95kg = 89. 64g – 103. 43g PRO/day ? 89g – 103g PRO/day Appendix G: Meal Plan Breakfast 1 cup 100% fruit juice, 1 large banana, 1 slice French toast, 2 tbsp maple syrup, 1 cup yogurt Morning Snack 1 Instant Oatmeal pouch, 2 tbsp peanut butter, 1 med. apple Lunch 1 cups 2% milk, 1 cup pasta, ? cup ground beef, ? cup tomato sauce, 1 cup strawberries Afternoon Snack 12 crackers, 1 medium orange Supper 1 cup 2% milk, 1 cup rice, 1 chicken breast, ? cup carrots, ? cup kernel corn Evening snack 24 tortilla chips, ? cup salsa Appendix H: Meal Plan Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) Food Group Analysis of Meal Plan: Nutrient Analysis References 1. Montgomery DL. Physiology of Ice Hockey. Sports Med. 1988;5(2):99-126. 2. Gibson JC, Stuard-Hill L, Martin S and Gaul C. Nutritional status of junior elite Canadian female soccer athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011;21(6):507-14. 3. Gabel K. Special nutritional concerns for the female athlete. ACSM. 2006;5(4):187-191. 4. Ziegler P et al. Nutritional status of teenage female competitive figure skaters. J Amer Diet Assoc. 2002;102(3):374-379. 5. Williams MH. Nutrition for Health, Fitness and Sport. 9th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc; 2010. 6. Dufour, A. Introduction to Protein Powerpoint. Bedford, MSVU; 2012. 7. Dufour, A. Practical Applications of Protein (PRO) Powerpoint. Bedford, MSVU; 2012. 8. Convertino, V. A, Armstrong L. E. , Coyle, W. F. , et al. (1996). American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement. American College of Sports Medicine, 517-521. 9. Dufour, A. Energy Metabolism and Carbohydrates Powerpoint. Bedford, MSVU; 2011. 10. Dieticians of Canada. EatTracker. Dieticians of Canada; 2012. 11. Canadian Diabetes Association. Beyond the Basics: Meal Planning for Healthy Eating, Diabetes Prevention and Management, Version 2. Toronto: Canadian Diabetes Association; 2005. How to cite Nutrition in Fitness and Sport, Essay examples

Kingsford Charcoal Case free essay sample

Competition – is Kingsford competing against other charcoal manufacturers, gas grills manufacturers, or a combination of both? 4. Promotion – what was the best strategy to promote the Kingsford brand? Should Kingsford strive to increase overall grilling events, or just emphasize the Kingsford brand? 5. Capacity – if the Kingsford business could be grown substantially, is the current manufacturing capacity adequate in the near-term? Long-term? I. 1Goals I determined that the specific goals that the brand managers should be focused on achieving are: 1. Growing the charcoal market (resulting in growth for Kingsford due to its huge share of the market), 2. Increase profitability through growth and production optimization, 3. Strengthen the brand by employing a marked increase in advertising and specific promotional themes, 4. New product development, and 5. Increase in non-seasonal business (this will both increase volume and smooth out production). I. 2Challenges The challenge facing the brand managers is how to achieve these goals in the face of a declining charcoal market. This is a benefit to Kingsford in value building of the organization and beneficial information that can be used to increase their value communication in advertisements, prices, promotion and production. With the largest market share in charcoal sales, Kingsford’s market share in the first half of 2000 was 56. 1% and in the second half of 2000 market share was 59. 1% due in part to price increases by its competitors Royal Oak and private label brand charcoal manufactures. The promotion of â€Å"better taste† is also a benefit to the Kingsford Brand, as there is intensive growth in the gas grilling market.The production of the regular charcoal (blue bag) and match light instant charcoal (red bag), keeps Kingsford distinguished as a brand and will continue the growth of product distinction. Weaknesses Since 1998, Kingsford has not adjusted their prices while competitors have raised their prices and have also allowed their advertising budget to decrease over a span of 5 ye ars to about $1 million per year. Kingsford is also not taking their association to Clorox Company to their advantage by partnering with other sub-brands, and has not effectively responded to the increase of gas grill customers.The lack of control of vendor and retail pricing is also a weakness for Kingsford sales are less predictable for their various markets. Opportunities Kingsford has many opportunities to increase its market share in the charcoal and gas grilling industries through a strategic marketing strategy that will connect gas grill consumers to the Kingsford brand. Through the use of marketing information systems, information can be provided to show how advertising can be effective for targeted, available and potential markets.The information gathered would also provide measures that would determine market demand and give insight into how Kingsford should price their products to appeal to each market group to develop customer relationships through promotional events, brand placement advertisements and t he production of new products. Finally, Kingsford can tap into global markets to expand their market demand. Threats Kingsford’s lack of advertising within the industry while gas grill advertising has increased is a detriment to their brand recognition. Kingsford also has limited production capacity and affect its supply of charcoal if demand increases by 5%, so it is important to monitor production to avoid capacity shortages. While Kingsford has not raised its prices in recent years, distributors have slightly increased Kingsford’s prices to consumers (approximately 5%), and Kingsford needs to narrow the price gap between private label brands. Weather patterns have also impacted the grilling season and can potentially affect overall sales. AlternativesIn a response to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the organization, several alternatives should be considered in strategizing the best way to increase the wealth of the organization. Expand Product Line: Kingsford has the option to set the pace for charcoal innovation by expanding product lines to generate additional interest in charcoal grilling. Engineering more environmentally friendly, flavor imparting and scented charcoals such as vanilla or mint fl avored charcoal may do this.In response to the trending up of gas grill usage from previous years, Kingsford could consider entering into wood chips production for gas grills. Additionally, to prevent seeing charcoal as a seasonal product, awareness could be drawn to other uses of charcoal, such as an odor remover in the home or a type of soil amendment by gardeners to improve crop growth. Education on these other uses will increase demand for charcoal all year round and not just during the warm months when grilling is prevalent.Increase advertising: An increase in advertising focusing on brand quality, affordability, and flavor adding benefit, as a way to counter the growth of gas grilling is another alternative considered. Integrated marketing whereby Kingsford would form partnerships with other brands and distributors to increase brand association with other industries could be employed such as working with food companies that promote grilling to cultivate relationships with customers. Increase Price: Kingsford could consider increasing prices like its competitors, although this would only generate short-term profits.The right time to launch a price in crease is crucial and Kingsford could decide to hold off on any price increases until such a time that the market has been clearly defined and it is safe to do so. Although a price increase will re-emphasize Kingsford’s brand quality, there exists the danger that its current market share will decline once the prices go up. Penetrate Global Markets: Another alternative is for Kingsford charcoal to penetrate global markets. As the US market gets saturated, untapped markets such as Europe and Asia could potentially become the ‘moneymakers’ for Kingsford and Clorox as a whole.Do nothing: A final alternative is for Kingsford to do nothing in the hopes of marinating its current business strategy on advertising and limiting the opportunity for increased growth. Recommendations The proposed strategic plan should consider advertising, pricing, promotion and production. Advertising needs can be met through the use of customer information; it is best to focus on the penetrated markets and targeted markets because they are most likely to remain loyal customers despite the rowth of the gas grilling industry. In a built-in effort to provide future growth to the Kingsford brand, a suggestion of researching global markets in order to expand consumer market should be considered. A decision to maintain cur rent prices should be made to maintain differentiation of Kingsford in the market. A second step to guarantee price differentiation is to consider a price control from within the organization to limit the pricing flexibility of retailers and vendors.Through the growing use of the World Wide Web, an effort to create product loyalty is suggested on creating promotional features that will make the Kingsford brand unique in the services that are offered. Considerations should be made for a cookbook, grilling cook-off during off peak grilling periods (which will create an opportunity for penetrated and targeted consumers to learn more about the products as well as to maintain interest), customer testimonials (to bring a face to the brand) and grilling tips. Finally, production should be maintained for the â€Å"red† and â€Å"blue† bags to continue product recognition.A new aspect of Kingsford that should be considered is expanding into the gas grilling industry, in order to have a market share and customer base in both industries. In conclusion, the prim ary objective of Kingsford should be to balance the needs of its advertising, pricing, promotion and production features to ensure that the brand remains a leader in the grilling industry, resulting in market share growth for the Clorox organization Exhibit A SWOT A SWOT analysis will formulate a strategy to determine the best alternatives and recommendations in regards to advertising, pricing, promotion and production for Kingsford.Strengths Kingsford is considered the top brand in charcoal and consumer studies show that Kingsford is perceived as a better product (60%) whereas only 13% said the same for private labels. This is a benefit to Kingsford as they are not required to spend funds on the value building. The increased operating funds can be used to develop new-offering realization process or customer relationship management process, since one-third of charcoal purchases are impulse buys. This is beneficial information for Kingsford because they can utilize this to increase their value communication in advertisements, prices, promotion and roduction. With the largest market share in charcoal sales, Kingsford’s market share in the first half of 2000 was 56. 1% and in the second half of 2000 market share was 59. 1% due in part to price increases by its competitors Royal Oak and private label brand charcoal manufactures. These price increases had consumers turning to Kingsford due to its lower price in the marketplace which will continue to solidify Kingsford’s control of the market. The promotion of â€Å"better taste† is also a benefit to the Kingsford Brand, as there is intensive growth in the gas grilling market.The continued positive relationship that Kingsford has with vendors and retails will be sustained through promotional alliances, pricing collaborations and logistical placement. The production of the regular charcoal (blue bag) and match light instant charcoal (red bag), which are distributed through food stores (66% of total sales), mass merchandisers and Wal-Mart (15%) and drug stores (2%), club stores and other non-traditional outlets (16%), keeps Kingsford distinguished as a brand and will continue the growth of product distinction.Weaknesses Since 1998, Kingsford has not adjusted their prices while competitors of private label brands and Royal Oak continually have raised their prices. Kingsford has also completed limited measures of market productivity, because they have allowed their advertising budget to decrease over a span of 5 years to about $1 million per year on the internal notion that Kingsford was a ‘sales-driven business’. Kingsford is also not taking their association to Clorox Company to their advantage by partnering with other sub-brands to promote their products through joint advertisement.The company also fears that the loss of some customers is a result of the increasing gas grilling industry and the increased charcoal prices has led to customer dissatisfaction. The lack of control of vendor and retail pricing is also a weakness for Kingsford, because they have not taken corrective action, sales are less predictable for their various markets. Kingsford needs to access their current vendor relations and strategically determine what marketing tools they can use to market charcoal in off peak seasons and with more strategic placement within stores.Opportunities Kingsford has many opportunities to increase its market share in the charcoal and gas grilling industries through a strategic plan that uses innovative approaches to bridge a connection to consumers that are using gas grills as well as using a marketing strategy that will appeal to Kingsford’s penetrated markets. Through the use of marketing information systems in Kingsford and through secondary sources on the gas grilling market a market intelligence system can be used to monitor purchasing habits of both charcoal and gas grillers.This information can provide insight as to how K ingsford should advertise to show brand quality in targeted, available and potential markets. The information gathered would also provide measures that would determine market demand and give insight into how Kingsford should price their products to appeal to each market group. The perception of Kingsford being a superior brand is something that can be used to develop customer relationships through promotional events, brand placement advertisements and the production of new products. Several things that Kingsford should consider are using grill-offs to promote the brand during off-peak grilling periods. Sparking interest at strategic times and encourage customers to purchase items and contribute the Kingsford market-buildup method. A cookbook, grilling tools ( added flavor briquettes, spatulas, grill brushes) and new gas friendly products (gas flavorings, eco-friendly propane) can be produced for market research, through the use of survey research or focus groups prior to determine what products are desired by consumers.Finally, Kingsford can tap into global markets to expand their market demand. Threats Kingsford’s lack of advertising within the industry while gas grill advertising has increased their media spending from less than $4 million in 1998 to over $10 million in 2000 is a huge advertising budget in comparison with Kingsford’s current $1 million budget. Any planned promotions to increase market share can have a negative effect on Kingsfor d’s bottom-line, with limited production capacity of some of Kingsford’s manufacturing sites (approximately 80%) will affect its supply of charcoal if demand increases by 5%.With the high cost of expansion $30-$50 million to build a new plant and at least five years for the permitting process, Kingsford needs to keep an eye on its capacity to avoid the pitfalls of not meeting demand due to capacity shortages. Pricing strategy; Kingsford pricing varies based on product type and size. The price of Kingsford regular (blue bag) and Match Light (red bag) products range from $4. 25 for A 10 pound bag of regular charcoal to $8. 07 for a 15 pound bag of Match Light.While Kingsford has not raised its prices in recent years, distributors have slightly increased Kingsford’s prices to consumers (approximately 5%). Even with unplanned price increases to consumers, Kingsford has increased its market share in the industry category. A critical pricing issue is the narrowing of the price gap between Kingsford and private label brands. Kingsford should seek to maintain a moderate gap between its quality product and private label brands.

THE THESMOPHORIAZUS Essay Example For Students

THE THESMOPHORIAZUS? Essay A monologue from the play by Aristophanes NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Aristophanes: The Eleven Comedies. Trans. Anonymous. London: The Athenian Society, 1922. FIRST WOMAN: If I have asked to speak, may the goddesses bear me witness, it was not for sake of ostentation. But I have long been pained to see us women insulted by this Euripides, this son of the grocer-woman, who loads us with every kind of indignity. Has he not hit us enough, columniated us sufficiently, wherever there are spectators, tragedians, and a chorus? Does he not style us lecherous, drunken, traitorous, boastful? Does he not repeat that we are all vice, that we are the curse of our husbands? So that, directly they come back from the theatre, they look at us doubtfully and go searching every nook, fearing there may be some hidden lover. We can do nothing as we used to, so many are the false ideas which he has instilled into our husbands. Is a woman weaving a garland for herself? Tis because she is in love. Does she let some vase drop while going or returning to the house? Her husband asks her in whose honour she has broken it, It can only be for that Corinthian stranger. Is a maiden unwell? Straightway her brother says, That is a colour that does not please me. And if a childless woman wishes to substitute one, the deceit can no longer be a secret, for the neighbors will insist on being present at her delivery. Formerly the old men married young girls, but they have been so columniated that none think of them now, thanks to the verse: A woman is the tyrant of the old man who marries her. Again, it is because of Euripides that we are incessantly watched, that we are shut up behind bolts and bars, and that dogs are kept to frighten off the gallants. Let that pass; but formerly it was we who had the care of the food, who fetched the flour from the storeroom, the oil and the wine; we can do it no more. Our husbands now carry little Spartan keys on their persons, made with three notches and full of malice and spite. Formerly it sufficed to purchase a ring marked with the same sign for three obols, to open the most securely sealed-up door; but now this pe stilent Euripides has taught men to hang seals of worm-eaten wood about their necks. My opinion, therefore, is that we should rid ourselves of our enemy by poison or by any other means, provided he dies. That is what I announce publicly; as to certain points, which I wish to keep secret, I propose to record them on the secretarys minutes. We will write a custom essay on THE THESMOPHORIAZUS? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Your Professional Bio How to Decide What to Include

Your Professional Bio How to Decide What to Include By Barbra Sundquist, Guest Blogger How Ever Do You Choose? Probably the hardest part of writing a professional bio is deciding what to put in and what to leave out.   After all, a bio is supposed to be short.   But most of us have done lots of different things in our work careers. How do you decide what to focus on? Theres a simple answer: focus on whats going to be most relevant and impressive to your target reader. A Bio is Not a Resume. You dont have to list everything youve ever done. Just focus on the parts that are going to sell you to your reader. So How  Do  You   Sell Yourself  ?   Heres How I Did It: When I wrote my bio for  HowToWriteBio.com, I focused on my technical writing and business coaching background the information that shows I know what Im talking about when it comes to writing professional bios. Thats what you want to know about me in this context, right?   You dont really care that over the past 30 years I have also been a waitress, private eye, bank teller, piano teacher, landscaper, university instructor, management consultant and business coach (and yes, I have been all those things). I left out that history and focused on what would â€Å"sell† me to people thinking about purchasing one of my bio templates. This is what I came up with: Barbra Sundquist is an experienced technical writer and business coach with a gift for taking complex info and making it clear. Over the past 20 years, Barbra has interviewed over 2500 people in a wide range of jobs to create their job profiles. She brings this broad knowledge of different jobs to her work as a bio template writer. Stick to the Program! As you can see, I don’t mention all my previous jobs. I don’t even mention that I have a bachelor’s degree in psychology and a master’s degree in public administration. What I do include is the information that is relevant to my audience: 1) technical writer with 20 years experience (lets the reader know that I am an expert writer with many years of experience) 2) business coach (assures the reader that I understand business and what’s required for a good professional bio) 3) interviewer of  over 2500 people in a wide range of jobs (again, lets the reader know that I have lots of experience doing this exact thing) Targeted Advertising My bio is targeted toward people who are on my How To Write Bio website. They’re reading my bio because they’re deciding whether I sound like someone they would be willing to buy a bio template from. So I make sure to include only the information that answers that question. I don’t distract them with other information. A bio is a little advertisement for you.   Think about who will be reading your bio and what you want them to know about you.   Then advertise your best and most relevant features! About the author: Barbra Sundquist helps people communicate much more quickly and effectively on a broad range of subjects. Her most popular website is www.HowToWriteBio.com. Category:Bio WritingBy Brenda BernsteinAugust 16, 2009

Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility Essay - 2

Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility - Essay Example Conceptual frameworks have been constantly changed from them. However, individual organizations have come up with their own conceptual frameworks that suit specific organizational needs. A conceptual framework provides an over view of how things should be done in an organization. It is a coherent system of related objectives and fundamentals that should lead to consistent standards that prescribe the nature, function, and limits of financial accounting and financial statements.† (Foulks Lynch 1998) A conceptual framework development takes time. The worst part is that once it is ready, hardly any of those principles are applied since the dynamic economic environment will be experiencing other challenges. Conceptual framework is like a constitution in financial accounting that stipulates its nature, function and its limits. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) also came up with an internationally recognized conceptual framework, which aims at streamlining the accou nting principles worldwide. This promotes external investments. The second function of the conceptual framework is to solve any emerging problems in the accounting sector. This explains why the boards are constantly reviewing the conceptual framework to suite the new challenges. ... The risk of not having a conceptual framework is the cropping up of haphazard standards. Without standards, businesses will even come up with their own frameworks that give them an advantage over others. This will lead to inconsistence in the basic principles. A strong conceptual framework will shield the financial sector from manipulation by other powerful forces such as the politicians and other interested parties. The process of developing a conceptual framework is done through a long deliberation among the board members. A good framework forms a good basis for a company. The advantages of a conceptual framework are as follows. It establishes standards that are logical and consistent. The CF stipulates rules and policies on how certain things should be carried out. The company will not just act anyhow, but it will be guided by certain rules, which maintain standardization. The conceptual framework provides rules to be followed when no other accounting principle can be applied. In accounting, rules are followed to the letter, but in some cases, there are no rules. The conceptual framework will come in; though most of its rules are general, they deal with all aspects of accounting. A conceptual framework builds the public trust in accounting. Financial reports and statements are known to be credible. This is because the public knows that there are bodies that set principles to govern them. Other advantages of the conceptual framework include avoiding conflict between user groups and ensuring accountability. The demerit of the conceptual framework is that it does not address the needs of the diverse users. There is no conceptual framework that can address the needs of everybody, and that is

The Urban Thought of Jane Jacobs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Urban Thought of Jane Jacobs - Essay Example These books presented an in dept look into the perspective urban economics, growth of open ended methods and the basic essentiality of dynamism in the thought process. In 1992 she published another book named Systems of Survival that looked into the aspects of political philosophy and the interpretation of political philosophies but here also the theme remained attached to the functionality of urbanization and development related to urbanization and its ultimate consequences. The method of Jane Jacobs is quite different from her contemporaries who indulge into the aspects of thought process related to the facet of urban planning. Her basic mode of operation is a combination of different subjects like sociology, journalism and literature here the ultimate result is a well written book the looks at the parameters of a city from the perspective of the street-corners or sidewalks. He is not a person whose perspective or notion about a city develops from the cushion and air conditioned chambered point of view but she is more of a down to earth person when it comes to determining the nature of a city with its vibe and day to day affairs. Jane Jacobs believes that the basic health of a city depends on several variables. According to belief a healthy city must be serendipitous, spontaneous, messy and organic in nature. But at the same time she indicates that the cities to be really healthy they must formulate a planning where there would be use of mixed lands and not just a compilation of concrete structures that have just office parks and business plazas. She believes that the city must have human diversity, a good economic infrastructure and should have an agricultural mode. There should not be only office structure that replace densely populated neighborhoods for city beautification or slum clearance but should be targeted towards redevelopment plan that focus on diversity and well being. In her words "it (cities) should be like itself. Every city has differences, from its history, from its site, and so on. These are important. One of the most dismal things is when you go to a city and it's like 12 others you've se en. That's not interesting, and it's not really truthful." (Steigerwald, 1) It should be remembered in this context that Jane Jacobs never had the luxury of professional training in city planning. In fact the only qualification she had was her diploma from high school. This is an extraordinary feat considering the fact that her radical ideas as published in The Death and Life of Great American Cities reveals the freshness of a mind that indulges deeply into the solution statements of deep rooted problems associated with city planning and improvement. Thus her ideas of the variables to make a city more livable became very popular among many segments of thinkers of the subject and few even started to consider her writing as fundamental as the Bible. However, it should be remembered that the popularity of Jacobs also depended on the activities that she was involved outside the parameters of writing books and her active participation with civic activism and New York protection wings made her yet more popular. It should also be noted that though she was born in S cranton, Pennsylvania she later moved to Toronto and lived there till her last breath. There is however an

ARISTOTLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ARISTOTLE - Essay Example He posited that the citizenship of the people should not be classified on the basis of their possession of wealth but other features like their age. For example the older experienced lot would be the ones with mature thinking and the younger people would be those who are yet to pass through the stages of development. Thus according to Aristotle the older people who had more experience would be having a superior position as the citizen rather than the younger people. The older people would be wise enough to take the right decision in construction and execution of the government. He also mentioned that it was not possible to separate the outsiders of the state who took part in the affairs of the state from those who are actually originating from the state. He included in his theory the fact that the children who are born to the parents who are citizens would automatically become citizens of the state (Frede, 2005). Thus citizens have been perceived as those who are supposed to share th e office of the government. Aristotle had conceived of a small state where the people would participate in the various kinds of political affairs and would comprise of the citizens. Small state was a feasible option according to Aristotle because the people would in such case be able to directly participate in the affairs. Every people living in a particular state would know about the other person and therefore the understanding of each others’ character would be easier. The identity of a particular state would be identified by the location and the residents of the state. The state ideally should be set up in such a way that the happiness of the citizens is fulfilled and they can develop a positive feeling for their fellow citizens. Therefore there should be a water body located nearby so that trade among people and across states can take place easily. There should be a constitution of the state that would lay down the rules and regulations and therefore it would contain the true essence of the state. However, he had classified this into two types. One is that which looks into the interest of the common man and therefore is favorable to everyone in the state. It is the just constitution. The unjust one is that which is only inclined in the retention of power and look into selfish interests. Thus monarchy that takes care of all the citizens is a fair form of government while tyranny that is detrimental to the other citizens is not acceptable. He also added that power should be distributes across the people and the person who carries out a particular work efficiently should be entrusted with that work. Aristotle claimed that there was a relationship of discomfort between the rich and the poor in the society. It was the middle class that acted as the balancing force in the society. The balance of power would be ensured if there is equitable distribution of power between the poor and the rich (Collin, 2006). Aristotle believed that education and knowledge w as essential for the proper conservation of the constitution. It is also not justifiable to allow all the men to interfere into the affairs of the state. However, time to time scrutiny is required at the same time by the common man. Education would give rise to rational thought and policies by of the state can be formulated through the use of rational ideas. Aristotle also

Curvature of the Universe: Analysis

Curvature of the Universe: Analysis Introduction 1.1 Reviewing of General Relativity 1.1.1 Metric Tensor The equation which describes the relationship between two given points is called metric and is given by Where interval of space-time between two neighboring points, connects these two points and are the components of contra variant vector. Through the function, any displacement between two points is dependent on the position of them in coordinate system. The displacement between two points in rectangular coordinates system is independent of their components due to homogeneity, so metric is given by Where are the space-time coordinates, is speed of light and is metric for this case and is given by Through the coordinates transformation from rectangular coordinates,, to curved coordinates system the components ofin a curved coordinates system can be found . For constructing rectangular coordinates system in a curved coordinates if space-time is locally flat then it is possible to that locally. From rectangular coordinates system defined locally in a point of a curved space-time to a curved coordinates system can be written as So in this way we can find local values of metric tensor Three important properties of metric tensor are: is symmetric so we have metric tensors are used to lowering or raising indices 1.1.2 Riemann Tensor, Ricci Tensor, Ricci Scalar The tool which plays an important role in identifying the geometric properties of spacetime is Riemann (Curvature) tensor. In terms of Christoffel symbols it is defined as: Where .If the Riemann Tensor vanishes everywhere then the spacetime is considered to be flat. In term of spacetime metric Riemann Tensor can also be written as: thus useful symmetries of the Riemann Tenser are: so due to above symmetries, the Riemann tensor in four dimensional spacetime has only 20 independent components. Now simply contracting the Riemann Tensor over two of the indices we get Ricci Tensor as: above equation is symmetric so it has at most 10 independent components. Now contracting over remaining two indices we get scalar known as Ricci Scalar. Another important symmetry of Riemann Tensor is Bianchi identities This after contracting leads to 1.1.3 Einstein Equation The Einstein equation is the equation of motion for the metric in general theory of relativity is given by: Where is stress energy momentum tensor and is Newton’s constant of Gravitation. Thus the left hand side of this equation measures the curvature of spacetime while the right hand side measures the energy and momentum contained in it.Taking trace of both sides of above equation we obtain using this equation in eq. ( ), we get In vacuum so for this case Einstein equation is We define the Einstein tensor by Taking divergence of above eq. we get 1.1.4 Conservation Equations for Energy momentum Tensor In general relativity two types of momentum-energy tensor,are commonly used: dust and perfect fluid. 1.4.1 Dust: It is simplest possible energy-momentum tensor and is given by The 4-velocity vector for commoving observer is given by, so energy momentum tensor is given by It is an approximation,of the universe at later times when radiation is negligible 1.4.2 Perfect fluid: If there is no heat conduction and viscosity then such type of fluid is perfect fluid and parameterized by its mass density and pressure and is given by It is an approximation of the universe at earlier times when radiation dominates so conservation equations for energy momentum tensor are given by In Minkowski metric it becomes 1.1.5 Evolution of Energy-Momentum Tensor with Time We can use eq. () to determine how components pf energy-momentum tensor evolved with time. The mixed energy-momentum tensor is given by: and its conservation is given by Consider component: Now all non-diagonal terms of vanish because of isotropy so in the first term and in the second term so For a flat, homogeneous and isotropic spacetime which is expanding in its spatial coordinate’s by a scale factor, the metric tensor is obtained from Minkowski metric is given by: The Christoffel symbol by definition Because Because the only non-zero is so from eq. () conservation law in expanding universe becomes after solving above equations we get above equation is used to find out for both matter and radiation scale with expansion. In case of dust approximation we have so So energy-density of matter scale varies as .Now the total amount of matter is conserved but volume of the universe goes as so In case of radiation so from eq.() we obtain Which implies that, science energy density is directly proportional to the energy per particle and inversely proportional to the volume, that is, because so the energy per particle decreases as the universe expands. 1.2 Cosmology In physical cosmology, the cosmological rule is a suspicion, or living up to expectations theory, about the expansive scale structure of the universe. Throughout the time of Copernicus, much data were not accessible for the universe with the exception of Earth, few stars and planets so he expected that the universe might be same from all different planets likewise as it looked from the Earth. It suggests isotropy of the universe at all focuses. Once more, a space which is isotropic at all focuses, is likewise homogeneous. Copernicus rule and this result about homogeneity makes the Cosmological rule (CP) which states that, at a one-time, universe is homogeneous and isotropic. General covariance ensures validity of Cosmological Principle at other times also. 1.2.1 Cosmological metric: Think about a 3D circle inserted in a 4d hyperspace: where is the radius of the 3D sphere. The distance between two points in 4D space is given by solving we get now becomes In spherical coordinates Finally we obtain We could also have a saddle with or a flat space. In literature shorthanded notation is adapted: To isolate time-dependent term, make the following situation: Then where If we introduce conformal time (arc parameter measure of time) as then we can express the 4D line element in term of FRW metric: 1.2.2 Friedmann Equation: We can now figure out Einstein field mathematical statement for perfect fluid. All the calculations are carried out in comoving frame where and energy-momentum tensor is given by Raising the index of the Einstein tensor equation we get After contracting over indices and we get so Einstein’s Equation can be written as It is easily found for perfect fluid finally we obtain the components of Ricci tenser The components are and components are To get a closed system of equations, we need a relationship of equation states which relates and so solving At this point when we joined together with equation 62 comparisons in the connection of energy-momentum tensor and the equation of states, we get a closed frame work of Friedmann equations: 1.2.3 Solutions of Friedmann Equations: We are going to comprehend Friedmann equation for the matter dominated and radiation dominated universe and get the manifestation of scale factor. From the definition of Hubble’s law Matter Dominated Universe: : It is showed by dust approximation As both and, for flat universe (), ( an) for . When combined with equation, this yields critical density Currently it value is (we used).The quantity provide relationship between the density of the universe and the critical density so it is given by Now the second Friedmann equation for matter dominated Universe becomes so lastly Radiation-dominated Universe: It is showed by perfect fluid approximation with The second Friedmann Equation becomes Flat Universe Matter Dominated Universe (dust approximation) The first Friedmann equation becomes At the Big bang Using convention and universe flat condition we finally get Now we can calculate the age of universe, which corresponds to the Hubble rate and scale factor to be: Taking and we get Years Radiation-dominated: The First Friedmann equation becomes At the big bang and .Also we have Closed Universe Matter-dominated The first Equation becomes In term of conformal time we can rewrite the above integral as After substituting and using equation Then but we have so we get . Now but we have at sets. So we have now the dependence of scale factor in term of the time parameterized by the conformal time as Radiation-dominated Universe: The first Friedmann equation becomes In term of conformal time we can re write the integral as but we have conditions at sets so we get and the requirement at sets , finally we have Open Universe Matter-dominated (dust approximation): The first Friedmann equation In term of conformal time we can rewrite the integral as Take

Frankenstein: Less Human Than His Creation Essay -- essays research pa

There are obvious similarities between Victor and his creation; each is abandoned, isolated, and both start out with good intentions. However, Victor’s ego in his search for god-like capabilities overpowers his humanity. The creature is nothing but benevolent until society shuns him as an outcast on account of his deformities. The creature is more humane than his own creator because his wicked deeds are committed in response to society’s corruption; while Frankenstein’s evil work stems only from his own greed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Victor Frankenstein and his creation are very much alike. Both are abandoned by their creators at a young age; Frankenstein is left without his mother after her death, the creature is rejected by Frankenstein's abandonment. Frankenstein and the monster are also similar in that they are isolated and outcasts of society. Frankenstein is hypothetically an outcast when he consumes himself in work and is isolated when the creature kills those he loves, and the creature is obviously isolated as a hideous outcast of society. Victor Frankenstein starts out with good intentions; he is merely seeking to gain knowledge of natural philosophy. Soon, his greed for god-like power overcomes him and he becomes consumed with the idea of creating life, â€Å"Summer months passed while I was thus engaged, heart and soul, in one pursuit† (32). The creature also starts out with kindness, he tells his creator, â€Å"Believe me, Frankenstein: I was benevolent; my soul glowed with love and humanity: but am I not alone, miserably alone?† (66). However, after society refuses to accept him based on personal appearance, the creature becomes angry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The creature has an overwhelming capacity to love as can be seen in his admiration for the peasants, â€Å"[The creature’s] thoughts now became more active, and [he] longed to discover the motives and feelings of these lovely creatures... [he] thought (foolish wretch!) that it might be in [his] power to restore happiness to these deserving people† (77). The creature’s display of care and compassion for the cottagers is more humane than most humans are; he retains the innocence and naive characteristics of a child. The creature’s grasp of human-like qualities allows the reader to possess sympathy for his situation; he is a victim and Frankenstein is to blame. A true monster would, by definiti... ...imself] which nothing could extinguish† (57). The creature is a portrayal of Eve’s role in Paradise Lost. The creature is persuaded by the behavior of others to take his fall into wickedness, much like Eve was pushed by the serpent to eat the forbidden fruit. Shelley blatantly makes this comparison when Frankenstein gets a first glance of himself in a scene that mirrors Eve’s first look at herself. The creature tells Victor, â€Å"I [was] terrified when I viewed myself in a transparent pool! At first I stared back, unable to believe that it was indeed I who was reflected in the mirror; and when I became fully convinced that I was in reality the monster that I am, I was filled with the bitterest sensations of despondence and mortification† (108).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite their similarities, Victor and his creation differ greatly. Only after rejection does the creature turn to evil; while Victor acts out of greed. Victor’s self-centered behavior effects everyone in the novel; he hurts his family’s feelings, he lets those that he loves die, and abandons his own creation. Even the creature couldn’t have committed such horrible acts before the effects of society’s rejection.